Ubuntu 7.1 server从无到有搭建全能WEB生产环境
条评论安装Ubuntu非常简单，不再多述。注意几点：
1、安装之前先插上网线
2、除了OpenSSH，不装其它任何的服务器软件，Apache/Mysql/PHP都不装，后面使用源码自己编译安装
Ubuntu安装后的配置：
1、启用root用户
sudo passwd root
输入密码后：
su
即可用root用户完成后面的配置与维护。
2、配置网络
如果在安装时没有配置好网络环境，可手工配置：
vi /etc/network/interfaces
根据环境正确配置即可。重启网络：
/etc/init.d/networking restart
3、配置apt-get的更新位置
如果想使用最新版本的各种包，此步必须。
vi /etc/apt/sources.list
编辑文件，主要是禁止从cdrom安装软件，而从网上下载最新的版本。
deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon - Release i386 (20071016)]/ gutsy main restricted
#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon - Release i386 (20071016)]/ gutsy main restricted
See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted
Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
distribution.
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted
N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
team.
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy universe
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates universe
N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
security team.
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy multiverse
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates multiverse
Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the ‘backports’
repository.
N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical’s
‘partner’ repository. This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is
offered by Canonical and the respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu
users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu gutsy partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu gutsy partner
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security multiverse
4、更新Ubuntu：
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
此步需要花费大概30分钟，如果出现网络错误可重新执行或加上–fix-missing参数重新执行。
5、安装各种软件包
可一次安装N个：
apt-get install binutils cpp fetchmail flex gcc libarchive-zip-perl libc6-dev libcompress-zlib-perl libdb4.3-dev libpcre3 libpopt-dev lynx m4 make ncftp nmap perl perl-modules unzip zip zlib1g-dev autoconf automake1.9 libtool bison autotools-dev g++ build-essential
上面的命令要放在一行执行。这些包基本都是后面需要使用的或者平时也经常可以用到的，可根据自己需要选择。
6、安装libncurses5-dev
很多朋友在使用源码安装软件时在make时出现错误，就是因为没有安装这个包：
checking for termcap functions library… configure: error: No curses/termcap library found
解决办法:
apt-get install libncurses5-dev
7、增加ll别名
以前用fedora core时都有ll命令，Ubuntu下没有，很不习惯，只好自己设置：
vi ~/.bashrc
此文件中其实已经有别名的配置，只是已经注释掉了，去掉注释即可，同时为vi设置别名为vim。
alias ll=’ls -l’
alias la=’ls -A’
alias l=’ls -CF’
alias vi=’vim’
正式开始安装软件，这部分主要是mysql/apache的安装。
一、安装mysql
mysql使用utf-8作为默认编码：
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
tar -zxvf mysql-5.0.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.0.45
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/mysql –with-charset=utf8 –with-collation=utf8_general_ci –with-extra-charsets=latin1
make
make install
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cd /usr/local/mysql
bin/mysql_install_db –user=mysql
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql var
chgrp -R mysql .
bin/mysqld_safe –user=mysql &
将mysql加入PATH:
vi /etc/profile
增加：
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:”${PATH}”
让mysql随系统一起启动
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
cd /etc/init.d
update-rc.d mysqld defaults
重启服务器，验证mysql是否能随系统正常启动，启动后：
mysql
如果能直接进入则说明启动成功。
为了安全，修改root密码：
mysql>use mysql
mysql>UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD(’new_password’) WHERE user=’root’;
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql>exit
二、安装apache
1、安装apache前，先安装openssl，因为后面要配置apache支持https协议：
tar -zxvf openssl-0.9.8e.tar.gz
cd openssl-0.9.8e
./config –prefix=/usr/local/ssl
make
make test
make install
2、安装apache，configure参数可根据需要调整。
tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.6.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.2.6
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/apache –enable-modules=all –enable-rewrite –enable-forward –enable-ssl –with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl –enable-mods-shared=all –enable-deflate –enable-proxy –enable-proxy-balancer –enable-proxy-http
make
make install
修改conf/httpd.conf的ServerName：
ServerName 127.0.0.1:80
测试apache是否正常
让apache随系统一起启动
cp /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd
cd /etc/init.d
update-rc.d httpd defaults
三、安装PHP
先安装php需要的一些包。
1、安装libxml2：
apt-get install libxml2 libxml2-dev
tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.3
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/zlib
make
make install
2、安装jpeg： tar -zxvf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
cd jpeg-6b
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/bin
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/lib
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/include
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/man
mkdir /usr/local/jpeg/man/man1
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/jpeg –enable-shared –enable-static
make
make install
3、安装libpng：
tar -zxvf libpng-1.2.16.tar.gz
cd libpng-1.2.16
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/libpng
make
make install
4、安装freetype：
tar -zxvf freetype-2.3.3.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.3.3
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/freetype
make
make install
5、安装gd：
tar -zxvf gd-2.0.33.tar.gz
cd gd-2.0.33
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/gd –with-jpeg=/usr/local/jpeg –with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype –with-png –with-zlib
make
make install
6、安装curl：
tar -zxvf curl-7.16.1.tar.gz
cd curl-7.16.1
mkdir -p /usr/local/curl
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/curl –with-ssl
make
make install
7、安装libiconv：
tar -zxvf libiconv-1.11.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.11
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/iconv
make
make install
8、正式安装PHP：
参数比较多，可根据需要安装，一般情况下这些已经够了。
tar -zxvf php-5.2.5.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.5
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/php –with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs –with-config-file-path=/usr/local/apache/conf –enable-magic-quotes –with-openssl=/usr/local/ssl –with-zlib=/usr/local/zlib –with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/zlib –with-curl=/usr/local/curl –enable-ftp –with-openssl-dir=/usr/local/ssl –with-gd=/usr/local/gd –with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg –with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng –with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype –enable-gd-native-ttf –enable-mbstring –with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql –enable-soap –enable-sockets –enable-zip –with-iconv –enable-zend-multibyte –with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock –enable-sqlite-utf8
make
make test
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/apache/conf/php.ini
9、安装ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a
tar -zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-linux-glibc21-i386.tar.gz
cd ZendOptimizer-3.3.0a-linux-glibc21-i386
./install.sh
安装过程中指定ZendOptimizer的安装目录及php.ini所在的路径即可
10、让apache支持PHP：
vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
在最后加上：
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
将<Directory “/usr/local/apache/htdocs”>修改为：
<Directory “/home/dingl/php-web/test”>
修改DocumentRoot为”/home/dingl/php-web/test”
在此目录下新建index.php文件，内容如下：
打开http://192.168.1.xx/index.php即可看到php的信息，说明php安装成功
重启服务器即可看到Apache与Resin同时启动了，使用http://www.dingl.com/即可正常访问！